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:[[TYK About | Test Your Knowledge]]
:[[TYK About | Test Your Knowledge]]


===Basic Clinical Information [WFSA Update Vol30]===
==Basic Clinical Information [WFSA Update Vol30]==
:[[WFSA PaedsUpdateContents]] (Table of contents)
:[[WFSA PaedsUpdateContents]] (Table of contents)


===The Growing Child===  
==The Growing Child==
:[[Embryology]]
:[[Embryology]]
:[[Development]]
:[[Development]]
Line 32: Line 32:
:[[Developmental Psychology]]
:[[Developmental Psychology]]


===Anatomy & Physiology===  
==Anatomy & Physiology==  
:[[Respiratory System]]
:[[Respiratory System]]
:[[Cardiovascular System]]
:[[Cardiovascular System]]
Line 46: Line 46:
::[[Opiates & Sedatives]]
::[[Opiates & Sedatives]]
::[[Muscle Relaxants]]
::[[Muscle Relaxants]]
===Monitoring===
==Monitoring==
:[[Standard Monitoring]]
:[[Standard Monitoring]]
:[[Precordial Stethoscope]]
:[[Precordial Stethoscope]]
Line 60: Line 60:
:[[Automated Internal Defibrillators]]
:[[Automated Internal Defibrillators]]


===Ethical Issues in Pediatric Anesthesia===   
==Ethical Issues in Pediatric Anesthesia==   
:[[Ethical Constructs relevant to Pediatric Anesthesia]]
:[[Ethical Constructs relevant to Pediatric Anesthesia]]
:[[The Emancipated Minor]]
:[[The Emancipated Minor]]
Line 68: Line 68:
:[[Global Pediatric Anesthesia]]
:[[Global Pediatric Anesthesia]]


===The Law and Pediatric Anesthesia===  
==The Law and Pediatric Anesthesia==  
:[[The Making of Medical Malpractice Suit]]
:[[The Making of Medical Malpractice Suit]]


==Clinical Techniques==  
=Clinical Techniques=
:[[Pocket Reference Cards]]
:[[Pocket Reference Cards]]
===Preoperative Assessment===  
==Preoperative Assessment==
:[[General Preoperative Assessment]]
:[[General Preoperative Assessment]]
:[[Psychological Preparation of the Pediatric Patient & Family]]
:[[Psychological Preparation of the Pediatric Patient & Family]]
Line 87: Line 87:
:[[Preoperative Fasting]]
:[[Preoperative Fasting]]


===Pre-anesthetic Medication===
==Pre-anesthetic Medication==
:[[Pre-induction/Pre-medication]]
:[[Pre-induction/Pre-medication]]


===Pediatric Sedation===
==Pediatric Sedation==
:[[Principles of Sedation]]
:[[Principles of Sedation]]
:[[Dental Sedation]]
:[[Dental Sedation]]
:[[Sedation for Radiologic Procedures]]
:[[Sedation for Radiologic Procedures]]


===Anesthetic Induction===  
==Anesthetic Induction==
:[[Parental Presence During Induction]]
:[[Parental Presence During Induction]]
:[[Magic as a Distration Technique]]
:[[Magic as a Distration Technique]]
:[[Distracting Devices]]
:[[Distracting Devices]]


===Maintenance of Anesthesia===  
==Maintenance of Anesthesia==  
:[[Fluid Management]]
:[[Fluid Management]]


Line 125: Line 125:
:[[Insulin Pumps]]
:[[Insulin Pumps]]


===Emergence/Recovery from Anesthesia===  
==Emergence/Recovery from Anesthesia===
:[[Deep Extubation]]
:[[Deep Extubation]]
:[[Emergence Agitation/Delirium]]
:[[Emergence Agitation/Delirium]]
Line 131: Line 131:
:[[Pain Management in the Recovery Room]]
:[[Pain Management in the Recovery Room]]


===Airway Management===  
==Airway Management==  
:[[Basic Airway Anatomy of the Pediatric Patient]]
:[[Basic Airway Anatomy of the Pediatric Patient]]
:[[Basic Airway Management of the Pediatric Patient]]
:[[Basic Airway Management of the Pediatric Patient]]
Line 147: Line 147:
:[[Complications of Airway Management]]
:[[Complications of Airway Management]]


===Vascular Access===  
==Vascular Access==  
:[[Intravenous catheter placement & Care]]
:[[Intravenous catheter placement & Care]]
:[[Central Venous Catheter placement & Care]]
:[[Central Venous Catheter placement & Care]]
Line 154: Line 154:
:[[Intranasal Drug Delivery]]
:[[Intranasal Drug Delivery]]


===Regional Blockade===  
==Regional Blockade==  
:[[Principles of Regional Anesthesia in Children]]
:[[Principles of Regional Anesthesia in Children]]


Line 173: Line 173:
:[[Continuous Catheter Infusion (Outside of Hospital)]]
:[[Continuous Catheter Infusion (Outside of Hospital)]]


===Blood Conservation Techniques===
==Blood Conservation Techniques==
:[[Cell Saver]]
:[[Cell Saver]]
:[[Controlled Hypotension]]
:[[Controlled Hypotension]]
:[[Tranexamic Acid]]
:[[Tranexamic Acid]]


===Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation===  
==Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation==
:[[Pediatric CPR]]
:[[Pediatric CPR]]
:[[Code Teams]]
:[[Code Teams]]
Line 187: Line 187:
:[[Crisis Management]]
:[[Crisis Management]]


==Syndromes/Disorders==  
=Syndromes/Disorders=
[https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/browse-by-first-letter Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center]
[https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/browse-by-first-letter Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center]
:[[Achalasia]]
:[[Achalasia]]
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:[[Williams Syndrome]]
:[[Williams Syndrome]]


==Procedure Based Discussions==  
=Procedure Based Discussions=
:[[Generalized Suggested Outline]]
:[[Generalized Suggested Outline]]


=== General Surgery==
==General Surgery==  
:[[Gastrochisis]]
:[[Gastrochisis]]
:[[Omphalocoele]]
:[[Omphalocoele]]
Line 255: Line 255:
:[[Pheochromocytoma]]
:[[Pheochromocytoma]]


===Transplant===  
==Transplant==
:[[Liver Transplant]]
:[[Liver Transplant]]
:[[Renal Transplant]]
:[[Renal Transplant]]


===ENT===  
==ENT==
:[[Myringotomy Tubes]]
:[[Myringotomy Tubes]]
:[[Tonsillectomy/Adenoidectomy]]
:[[Tonsillectomy/Adenoidectomy]]
Line 275: Line 275:
:[[Papillomatosis]]
:[[Papillomatosis]]
:[[Bronchoscopy]]
:[[Bronchoscopy]]
===Fetal===
 
==Fetal==
:[[Fetal Interventions]]
:[[Fetal Interventions]]


===Dental/Oral Surgery===  
==Dental/Oral Surgery==  
:[[Dental Restoration]]
:[[Dental Restoration]]
:[[Dental Extraction]]
:[[Dental Extraction]]
:[[Dental Sedation]]
:[[Dental Sedation]]


===Orthopedics ===  
==Orthopedics==  
:[[Idiopathic Scoliosis]]
:[[Idiopathic Scoliosis]]
:[[Neuromuscular Scoliosis]]
:[[Neuromuscular Scoliosis]]
Line 291: Line 292:
:[[Bone Cement]]
:[[Bone Cement]]


===Neurosurgery===  
==Neurosurgery==  
:[[Brain Tumor Craniotomy]]
:[[Brain Tumor Craniotomy]]
:[[Arnold Chiari Malformation]]
:[[Arnold Chiari Malformation]]
Line 299: Line 300:
:[[Awake Craniotomy]]
:[[Awake Craniotomy]]


===Plastics===  
==Plastics==
:[[Craniosynostosis]]
:[[Craniosynostosis]]
:[[Craniofacial Reconstruction]]
:[[Craniofacial Reconstruction]]
Line 306: Line 307:
:[[Pierre Robin Mandibular Distraction]]
:[[Pierre Robin Mandibular Distraction]]


===Urology===  
==Urology==
:[[Circumcision]]
:[[Circumcision]]
:[[Inguinal Hernia]]
:[[Inguinal Hernia]]
Line 317: Line 318:
:[[Orchiopexy]]
:[[Orchiopexy]]


===Transgender Topics===
==Transgender Topics==
:[[Transgender Terminology]]
:[[Transgender Terminology]]
:[[Assessment of the Transgender Patient]]
:[[Assessment of the Transgender Patient]]
Line 326: Line 327:
::[[Perioperative Care]]
::[[Perioperative Care]]


===Ophthalmology===  
==Ophthalmology==
:[[Strabismus]]
:[[Strabismus]]
:[[Glacoma]]
:[[Glacoma]]
Line 336: Line 337:
:[[Orbital Trauma/Fracture]]
:[[Orbital Trauma/Fracture]]


===Cardiac/Congenital Heart Disease===
==Cardiac/Congenital Heart Disease==
:[[Basic Cardiac Principles]]
:[[Basic Cardiac Principles]]
:[[Transitional Circulation]]
:[[Transitional Circulation]]
Line 344: Line 345:
:[[Cardiac Catheterization]]
:[[Cardiac Catheterization]]


===Gastroenterology===  
==Gastroenterology==
:[[Upper Endoscopy]]
:[[Upper Endoscopy]]
:[[Lower Endoscopy/Colonoscopy]]
:[[Lower Endoscopy/Colonoscopy]]
Line 350: Line 351:
:[[Liver Biopsy]]
:[[Liver Biopsy]]


===Oncology===  
==Oncology==
:[[Perioperative Care of the Child with Cancer]]
:[[Perioperative Care of the Child with Cancer]]
:[[Lumbar Puncture]]
:[[Lumbar Puncture]]
Line 358: Line 359:
:[[Wilms’ Tumor]]
:[[Wilms’ Tumor]]


===Robotic Surgery===
==Robotic Surgery==
:[[Principles/Physiology]]
:[[Principles/Physiology]]
:[[Urology]]
:[[Urology]]
Line 364: Line 365:
:[[General Surgery]]
:[[General Surgery]]


===Maternal-Fetal===  
==Maternal-Fetal==  
:[[Introduction to Fetal Anesthesia]]
:[[Introduction to Fetal Anesthesia]]
:[[Pre-Partum Procedures]]
:[[Pre-Partum Procedures]]
:[[EXIT Procedure]]
:[[EXIT Procedure]]


===Radiology===  
==Radiology==  
:[[Interventional Radiology]]  
:[[Interventional Radiology]]  
::[[Gastic-Jejunal Feeding Tube Insertion]]
::[[Gastic-Jejunal Feeding Tube Insertion]]
Line 381: Line 382:
::[[Cardiac MRI]]
::[[Cardiac MRI]]


===Pain Management===  
==Pain Management==  
:[[Perioperative Analgesic Pharmacology in Children (WFSA)]]
:[[Perioperative Analgesic Pharmacology in Children (WFSA)]]
:[[Overview of Pain in Children]]
:[[Overview of Pain in Children]]
Line 400: Line 401:
:[[Pain Management in the Intensive Care Unit]]
:[[Pain Management in the Intensive Care Unit]]


===Palliative Care ===
==Palliative Care==
:[[Principles of Pediatric Palliative Care]]
:[[Principles of Pediatric Palliative Care]]
:[[Transitioning to Palliative Care]]
:[[Transitioning to Palliative Care]]
Line 406: Line 407:
:[[Techniques in the Palliative Setting]]
:[[Techniques in the Palliative Setting]]


=== Care of the Pediatric Anesthesiologist ===
==Care of the Pediatric Anesthesiologist==
:[[Psychologic Stress]]
:[[Psychologic Stress]]
:[[Imposter Syndrome]]
:[[Imposter Syndrome]]


==Operational/Procedural Topics==  
=Operational/Procedural Topics=  
===Operating Suite Design and Implementation===  
==Operating Suite Design and Implementation==  
:[[Pre-operative Evaluation Center]]
:[[Pre-operative Evaluation Center]]
:[[Pre-operative In-Take]]
:[[Pre-operative In-Take]]
Line 426: Line 427:
:[[Intraoperative Communication]]
:[[Intraoperative Communication]]


===Sedation of the Pediatric Patient===  
==Sedation of the Pediatric Patient==  
:[[Transporting the anesthetized Pediatric Patient]]
:[[Transporting the anesthetized Pediatric Patient]]
:[[Dental Sedation]]
:[[Dental Sedation]]
:[[Creating a Sedation Service]]
:[[Creating a Sedation Service]]


=== Recovery of the Pediatric Patient ===  
==Recovery of the Pediatric Patient==  
:[[Post Operative Nausea & Vomiting]]
:[[Post Operative Nausea & Vomiting]]
:[[Pain Management in the Recovery Room]]
:[[Pain Management in the Recovery Room]]
Line 437: Line 438:
:[[Emergence Delirium]]
:[[Emergence Delirium]]


=== Personnel Safety in the Pediatric Environment ===  
==Personnel Safety in the Pediatric Environment==  
:[[Operating Room Fires]]
:[[Operating Room Fires]]


=== Special Topics in Mass Casualty Incidents ===
==Special Topics in Mass Casualty Incidents==
:[[Principles of MCI and Pediatrics]]
:[[Principles of MCI and Pediatrics]]


=== Low Resource Environments ===  
==Low Resource Environments==  
:[[Low Resource Environment Issues]]
:[[Low Resource Environment Issues]]


== The Pediatric Perioperative  Surgical Home ==
==The Pediatric Perioperative  Surgical Home==
:[[Enhanced Recovery After Surgery - ERAS]]
:[[Enhanced Recovery After Surgery - ERAS]]
:
:

Revision as of 20:04, 26 February 2022

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Introductory Topics

Preface
Disclaimer
The Editing Team
History of Pediatric Anesthesia
Pediatric Anesthesia Worldwide
Measuring Outcome in Pediatric Anesthesia
Basic Pediatric Concepts

Training/Education/Certification

The Making of a Pediatric Anesthesiologist
Educational Principles
Certification Processes
Test Your Knowledge

Basic Clinical Information [WFSA Update Vol30]

WFSA PaedsUpdateContents (Table of contents)

The Growing Child

Embryology
Development
Growth
Developmental Psychology

Anatomy & Physiology

Respiratory System
Cardiovascular System
Renal System
Endocrine System
Nervous System
Temperature Regulation
Fluid & Electrolytes
Coagulation & Bleeding
Pharmacology
Clinical Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics in children
Anesthetic Agents
Opiates & Sedatives
Muscle Relaxants

Monitoring

Standard Monitoring
Precordial Stethoscope
Oxygen
Electrocardiography - EKG
Carbon Dioxide
Neuromonitoring - IOM
Neuromuscular Blockade
Blood Pressure
Temperature
Thromboelastography - TEG
Pacemakers
Automated Internal Defibrillators

Ethical Issues in Pediatric Anesthesia

Ethical Constructs relevant to Pediatric Anesthesia
The Emancipated Minor
Assent/Consent
The child of a Jehovah's Witness
Anesthesia in Low Resource Settings
Global Pediatric Anesthesia

The Law and Pediatric Anesthesia

The Making of Medical Malpractice Suit

Clinical Techniques

Pocket Reference Cards

Preoperative Assessment

General Preoperative Assessment
Psychological Preparation of the Pediatric Patient & Family
The Fetus
The Pre-Term Infant
The Infant
The Child
The Adolescent
The Adult-aged Pediatric Patient
The Former Premature Patient
Upper Respiratory Infection
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Preoperative Fasting

Pre-anesthetic Medication

Pre-induction/Pre-medication

Pediatric Sedation

Principles of Sedation
Dental Sedation
Sedation for Radiologic Procedures

Anesthetic Induction

Parental Presence During Induction
Magic as a Distration Technique
Distracting Devices

Maintenance of Anesthesia

Fluid Management
Neuromuscular Blockade
Blood Products
Temperature Management
Positioning
Ventilation

Drugs

Volatile Anesthetics
Total Intravenous Anesthesia
Dexmedetomidine
Opiates
Ketamine
Perioperative Steroids
Antibiotics
Acetaminophen
Methylene Blue
Insulin Pumps

Emergence/Recovery from Anesthesia=

Deep Extubation
Emergence Agitation/Delirium
Post Operative Nausea & Vomiting
Pain Management in the Recovery Room

Airway Management

Basic Airway Anatomy of the Pediatric Patient
Basic Airway Management of the Pediatric Patient
Basic Laryngoscopy and Intubation
Basic Nasal Intubation
Recognizing and Managing the Difficult Pediatric Airway
Difficult Airway Response Teams
Advanced Airway Techniques
One Lung Ventilation
Cuffed vs Uncuffed ETTs
Basic Ventilation
Advanced Ventilation
Emergency Airway Management
Rapid Sequence Induction
Complications of Airway Management

Vascular Access

Intravenous catheter placement & Care
Central Venous Catheter placement & Care
Intraosseous Access & Care
Arterial catheter placement & Care
Intranasal Drug Delivery

Regional Blockade

Principles of Regional Anesthesia in Children
The use of Ultrasound for Regional Anesthesia
Local Anesthetics in Children
Local Anesthetic Adjuncts in Children
Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity - LAST
Nerve Complications of Regional Blockade
Axial Blockade (Caudal, Lumbar Epidural, Thoracic Epidural, Spinal)
Head & Neck
Upper Extremity (Interscalene, Supraclavicular, Infraclavicular, Axillary, Peripheral Arm, Intravenous Regional (Bier))
Thorax (Intercostal, Paravertebral, Erector Spinae Plane)
Abdomen (Rectus Sheath, Transversus Abdominus Plane, Quadratus Lumborum, Ileoinguinal/Ileohypogastric, Pudendal, Penile)
Lower Extremity (Femoral, Adductor Canal, Sciatic, Popliteal, Ankle)
Continuous Catheter Infusion (Outside of Hospital)

Blood Conservation Techniques

Cell Saver
Controlled Hypotension
Tranexamic Acid

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Pediatric CPR
Code Teams
PALS Protocols
Prone CPR
ECMO
CPR Coach
Crisis Management

Syndromes/Disorders

Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center

Achalasia
Anaphylaxis
Asthma
Autism Spectrum
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
CHARGE association
Cleft lip and/or palate
Craniosynostosis
Cystic Fibrosis
Di George syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome)
Diabetes
Down Syndrome
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Epidermolysis Bullosa
Genetic Disease
Goldenhar syndrome
Guillain–Barré syndrome
Inherited metabolic disorders
Klippel-Feil syndrome
Malignant Hyperthermia
Mitochondrial Disease
Mucopolysaccharidoses
Myesthenia Gravis
Myotonic dystrophies
Nonaccidental Trauma
Noonan syndrome
Obesity
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Papillomatosis
Pierre Robin sequence
Porphyria
Pulmonary Hypertension
Sickle Cell Disease
Smoking and Vaping
Treacher Collins syndrome
Turner syndrome
VACTERR (or VACTERL) association
Williams Syndrome

Procedure Based Discussions

Generalized Suggested Outline

General Surgery

Gastrochisis
Omphalocoele
Pyloric Stenosis
Umbilical Hernia
Inguinal Hernia
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Cystic Adenomatous Malformation (CAM)
Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula
Umbilical Herniorrphy
Central Line Placement (Hickman/Broviac/Infusaport)
Trauma
Burns
Pectus Excavatum/Carinatum
Button Battery Ingestion
Duodenal Atresia
Bariatric
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Appendectomy
Ovarian Torsion
Thoracotomy
Pheochromocytoma

Transplant

Liver Transplant
Renal Transplant

ENT

Myringotomy Tubes
Tonsillectomy/Adenoidectomy
Mastoidectomy
Tracheostomy
Cricoid Split Procedure
Suspension Micro Laryngoscopy
Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA)
Epiglottitis
Laryngotracheal Reconstruction
Auditory Evoked Potentials
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Foreign Body in Airway
Glottic Web
Papillomatosis
Bronchoscopy

Fetal

Fetal Interventions

Dental/Oral Surgery

Dental Restoration
Dental Extraction
Dental Sedation

Orthopedics

Idiopathic Scoliosis
Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Upper Extremity Fracture
Lower Extremity Fracture
Bone Cement

Neurosurgery

Brain Tumor Craniotomy
Arnold Chiari Malformation
Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt
Spinal Cord Untethering
Spinal Cord Injury
Awake Craniotomy

Plastics

Craniosynostosis
Craniofacial Reconstruction
Cleft Palate
LeFort Advancement
Pierre Robin Mandibular Distraction

Urology

Circumcision
Inguinal Hernia
Cystoscopy
Hypospadias
Ureteral Re-Implantation
Bladder Augmentation
Neonatal Exstrophy
Testicular Torsion
Orchiopexy

Transgender Topics

Transgender Terminology
Assessment of the Transgender Patient
Gender Confirming Therapies
Hormone Therapy
Feminizing Procedures
Masculinizing procedures
Perioperative Care

Ophthalmology

Strabismus
Glacoma
Retina
Retinoblastoma
Nasolacrimal Duct
Ptosis
Open Globe
Orbital Trauma/Fracture

Cardiac/Congenital Heart Disease

Basic Cardiac Principles
Transitional Circulation
Cyanotic Lesions
Non-cyanotic Lesions
Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Cardiac Catheterization

Gastroenterology

Upper Endoscopy
Lower Endoscopy/Colonoscopy
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreaticogram
Liver Biopsy

Oncology

Perioperative Care of the Child with Cancer
Lumbar Puncture
Bone Marrow Aspirate/Biopsy
Bone Marrow Harvest
Anterior Mediastinal Mass
Wilms’ Tumor

Robotic Surgery

Principles/Physiology
Urology
Orthopedics
General Surgery

Maternal-Fetal

Introduction to Fetal Anesthesia
Pre-Partum Procedures
EXIT Procedure

Radiology

Interventional Radiology
Gastic-Jejunal Feeding Tube Insertion
Vascular/Lymphatic Malformation
Whittaker Procedure
Endovascular Liver Biopsy
Cyst Drainage
Ophthalmic Artery Injection
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Head/Body
Cardiac MRI

Pain Management

Perioperative Analgesic Pharmacology in Children (WFSA)
Overview of Pain in Children
Factors that Modulate Pediatric Pain
Assessment of Pain in Children
Multimodal Pain Management in Children
Pain Treatment in Children
Acute Pain
Surgical
Medical
Chronic Pain
Acute Pain that Becomes Chronic
Surgical
Medical
Patient/Nurse/Parent Controlled Analgesia
Patient Controlled Epidural Anesthesia
Cancer Pain
Pain Management in the Intensive Care Unit

Palliative Care

Principles of Pediatric Palliative Care
Transitioning to Palliative Care
Setting Goals
Techniques in the Palliative Setting

Care of the Pediatric Anesthesiologist

Psychologic Stress
Imposter Syndrome

Operational/Procedural Topics

Operating Suite Design and Implementation

Pre-operative Evaluation Center
Pre-operative In-Take
Operating Room Design
Post-anesthesia Care Unit
Remote Anesthesia Locations
Radiology
Magnetic Resonance Suite
Cardiac Catheterization
Pet Scanner
CT Scanner
Emergency Department
Environmental and Occupational Considerations
Intraoperative Communication

Sedation of the Pediatric Patient

Transporting the anesthetized Pediatric Patient
Dental Sedation
Creating a Sedation Service

Recovery of the Pediatric Patient

Post Operative Nausea & Vomiting
Pain Management in the Recovery Room
Post-Operative Nursing Care
Emergence Delirium

Personnel Safety in the Pediatric Environment

Operating Room Fires

Special Topics in Mass Casualty Incidents

Principles of MCI and Pediatrics

Low Resource Environments

Low Resource Environment Issues

The Pediatric Perioperative Surgical Home

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery - ERAS

Editing tools

TYK_Question_List