Depth of Anesthesia - Revision history

WikiSysop: /* Intraoperative monitoring */

2026-10-04T12:35:45Z

Intraoperative monitoring

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	'''Clinical features:'''		'''Clinical features:'''

	Heart rate, blood pressure, purposeful movement and end tidal anesthetic concentration (ETAC) may be useful in recognizing awareness during general anesthesia. However, some drugs may mask these signs (calcium channel blockers, neuromuscular blockers).		Heart rate, blood pressure, purposeful movement and end tidal anesthetic concentration (ETAC) may be useful in recognizing awareness during general anesthesia. However, some drugs may mask these signs (calcium channel blockers, neuromuscular blockers).

	'''Bispectral index ([[BIS]]):'''		'''Bispectral index ([[BIS]]):'''
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	[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27059416/ Accidental awareness during anesthesia in children]		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27059416/ Accidental awareness during anesthesia in children]



	==References==		==References==

WikiSysop at 02:03, 23 October 2025

2025-10-23T02:03:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:03, 23 October 2025
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	[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21971394/ Limitations of anaesthesia depth monitoring]		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21971394/ Limitations of anaesthesia depth monitoring]

	~~Purdon P et al~~. ~~Brit J of Anaesth~~. ~~10.1093 46~~-57		[https://academic.oup.com/bja/article-abstract/115/suppl_1/i46/234305?redirectedFrom=fulltext The Ageing Brain: Age-dependent changes in the electroencephalogram during propofol and sevoflurane general anaesthesia]

	[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26174303/ Age-dependency of sevoflurane-induced electroencephalogram dynamics in children]		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26174303/ Age-dependency of sevoflurane-induced electroencephalogram dynamics in children]

WikiSysop at 02:01, 23 October 2025

2025-10-23T02:01:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:01, 23 October 2025
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	Processed EEG monitor. The PSI (Patient State Index) translates the effect of anesthetic drugs in humans into a numeric scale ranging from 0 (complete EEG suppression) to 100 (fully awake). The target value for general anesthesia is between 25-50. A study showed that this monitor better captured changes in brain state from dexmedetomidine sedation, compared to RASS score and SEF95<ref>EEG response of dexmedetomidine during drug induced sleep endoscopy https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37521700/</ref>. Another study suggests that PSI may be adequate to monitor anesthesia with sevoflurane in the pediatric population, when compared to the BIS monitor<ref>Usefulness of bispectral index and patient state index during sevoflurane anesthesia in children: A prospective observational study		Processed EEG monitor. The PSI (Patient State Index) translates the effect of anesthetic drugs in humans into a numeric scale ranging from 0 (complete EEG suppression) to 100 (fully awake). The target value for general anesthesia is between 25-50. A study showed that this monitor better captured changes in brain state from dexmedetomidine sedation, compared to RASS score and SEF95<ref>EEG response of dexmedetomidine during drug induced sleep endoscopy https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37521700/</ref>. Another study suggests that PSI may be adequate to monitor anesthesia with sevoflurane in the pediatric population, when compared to the BIS monitor<ref>Usefulness of bispectral index and patient state index during sevoflurane anesthesia in children: A prospective observational study

	https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2022&issue=07290&article=00027&type=Fulltext~~</ref>.~~
			<b>Relevant Article Depot:</b>

			[https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2022&issue=07290&article=00027&type=Fulltext Usefulness of bispectral index and patient state index during sevoflurane anesthesia in children: A prospective observational study]

	[https://www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/stages-of-anesthesia/ Open Anesthesia: Stages of Anesthesia]		[https://www.openanesthesia.org/keywords/stages-of-anesthesia/ Open Anesthesia: Stages of Anesthesia]
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	[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/140/2/313/139650/Consciousness-and-General-Anesthesia-Challenges Consciousness and General Anesthesia: Challenges for Measuring the Depth of Anesthesia]		[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/140/2/313/139650/Consciousness-and-General-Anesthesia-Challenges Consciousness and General Anesthesia: Challenges for Measuring the Depth of Anesthesia]

	~~Bloom J et al. Anesthesiology Research and Practice. Vol. 2020, pp. 1-6.~~ https://~~doi~~.~~org/10~~.~~1155~~/~~2020~~/~~7246570.~~		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21971394/ Limitations of anaesthesia depth monitoring]

	~~Hesse S~~ et al. Br J Anaesth. ~~2019;122(5):622-634.~~		Purdon P et al. Brit J of Anaesth. 10.1093 46-57

	~~Sayed E et al. J Anesth Clin Res.2015;630(6):5. DOI:~~ 10.~~4172/2155~~-~~6148.1000530.~~

	~~Lobo, Francisco A~~.~~, and Stefan Schraag~~. ~~Limitations of anaesthesia depth monitoring~~. ~~Current Opinion in Anesthesiology~~. ~~24, no. 6 (2011): 657~~-~~664.~~		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26174303/ Age-dependency of sevoflurane-induced electroencephalogram dynamics in children]

	~~Purdon P et al. Brit J~~ of ~~Anaesth. 10.1093 46~~-57

	[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/140/5/863/140017/A-Window-into-the-Developing-Brain-Toward-a-Deeper A Window into the Developing Brain: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Pediatric Anesthesia]		[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/140/5/863/140017/A-Window-into-the-Developing-Brain-Toward-a-Deeper A Window into the Developing Brain: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Pediatric Anesthesia]
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	[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/fulltext/2024/02000/consciousness_and_general_anesthesia__challenges.24.aspx Consciousness and General Anesthesia: Challenges for Measuring the Depth of Anesthesia]		[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/fulltext/2024/02000/consciousness_and_general_anesthesia__challenges.24.aspx Consciousness and General Anesthesia: Challenges for Measuring the Depth of Anesthesia]

	~~Sury MR~~. Accidental awareness during anesthesia in children~~. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016 May; 26(5): 468-74. PMID: 27059416~~		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27059416/ Accidental awareness during anesthesia in children]



	==References==		==References==

WikiSysop at 13:59, 9 May 2025

2025-05-09T13:59:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:59, 9 May 2025
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	[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/fulltext/2024/02000/consciousness_and_general_anesthesia__challenges.24.aspx Consciousness and General Anesthesia: Challenges for Measuring the Depth of Anesthesia]		[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/fulltext/2024/02000/consciousness_and_general_anesthesia__challenges.24.aspx Consciousness and General Anesthesia: Challenges for Measuring the Depth of Anesthesia]

			Sury MR. Accidental awareness during anesthesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2016 May; 26(5): 468-74. PMID: 27059416



	==References==		==References==

WikiSysop at 22:43, 3 May 2025

2025-05-03T22:43:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:43, 3 May 2025
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	[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1932227521000355 Depth of Anesthesia Monitoring]		[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1932227521000355 Depth of Anesthesia Monitoring]

			[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/fulltext/2024/02000/consciousness_and_general_anesthesia__challenges.24.aspx Consciousness and General Anesthesia: Challenges for Measuring the Depth of Anesthesia]

	==References==		==References==

WikiSysop at 13:29, 3 August 2024

2024-08-03T13:29:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:29, 3 August 2024
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	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557596/ StatPearls: Anesthesia Stages]		[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557596/ StatPearls: Anesthesia Stages]

			[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/140/2/313/139650/Consciousness-and-General-Anesthesia-Challenges Consciousness and General Anesthesia: Challenges for Measuring the Depth of Anesthesia]

	Bloom J et al. Anesthesiology Research and Practice. Vol. 2020, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7246570.		Bloom J et al. Anesthesiology Research and Practice. Vol. 2020, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7246570.

WikiSysop at 13:11, 8 May 2024

2024-05-08T13:11:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 8 May 2024
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	[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/140/5/863/140017/A-Window-into-the-Developing-Brain-Toward-a-Deeper A Window into the Developing Brain: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Pediatric Anesthesia]		[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/140/5/863/140017/A-Window-into-the-Developing-Brain-Toward-a-Deeper A Window into the Developing Brain: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Pediatric Anesthesia]

			[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1932227521000355 Depth of Anesthesia Monitoring]
	==References==		==References==

WikiSysop at 04:55, 19 April 2024

2024-04-19T04:55:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:55, 19 April 2024
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	Purdon P et al. Brit J of Anaesth. 10.1093 46-57		Purdon P et al. Brit J of Anaesth. 10.1093 46-57

			[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/140/5/863/140017/A-Window-into-the-Developing-Brain-Toward-a-Deeper A Window into the Developing Brain: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Pediatric Anesthesia]
	==References==		==References==

WikiSysop at 20:14, 27 December 2023

2023-12-27T20:14:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:14, 27 December 2023
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	[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(23)00473-7/fulltext Depth of anaesthesia monitoring: updated evidence. Comment]		[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(23)00473-7/fulltext Depth of anaesthesia monitoring: updated evidence. Comment]

	[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37198033/ Depth of anaesthesia monitoring: time to reject the index?]		[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37198033/ Depth of anaesthesia monitoring: time to reject the index?] [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007091223006311 Depth of amnesia monitoring. Response to Br J Anaesth 2023; 131: e145–7]

	[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557596/ StatPearls: Anesthesia Stages]		[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557596/ StatPearls: Anesthesia Stages]

Sul.h.shin: /* Anesthesia stages (Guedel's classification)[1] */

2023-12-26T14:41:03Z

Anesthesia stages (Guedel's classification)[1]

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:41, 26 December 2023
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	==Anesthesia stages (Guedel's classification)<ref>Atkison, R.S., Rushman, G. B., Lee, J. Alfred, A synopsis of anaesthesia</ref>==		==Anesthesia stages (Guedel's classification)<ref>Atkison, R.S., Rushman, G. B., Lee, J. Alfred, A synopsis of anaesthesia</ref>==
	[[File:Image01.jpg\|thumb\|Guedel’s stages of anesthesia]]		[[File:Image01.jpg\|thumb\|Guedel’s stages of anesthesia]]



	<u>Stage 1: Analgesia or disorientation</u>		<u>Stage 1: Analgesia or disorientation</u>