Electroencephalography - EEG: Difference between revisions

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Bong CL, Yuan I. The Utility of Electroencephalography in Guiding General Anesthesia in Children. Anesth Analg. 2026 Jun 1;142(6):1155-1168.

Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists: Part I: Background and Basic Signatures

Intraoperative pediatric electroencephalography monitoring: an updated review

Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists and Intensivists: Part 2—Physiologic Signatures and Active Management

Electroencephalogram Monitoring in Anesthesia Practice

Implementation of an electroencephalogram-guided propofol anesthesia education program in an academic pediatric anesthesia practice.

An approach to using pharmacokinetics and electroencephalography for propofol anesthesia for surgery in infants.

A Narrative Review Illustrating the Clinical Utility of Electroencephalogram-Guided Anesthesia Care in Children

Age-Dependent Electroencephalogram Features in Infants Under Spinal Anesthesia Appear to Mirror Physiologic Sleep in the Developing Brain: A Prospective Observational Study

Age-dependent electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns during sevoflurane general anesthesia in infants

An approach to using pharmacokinetics and electroencephalography for propofol anesthesia for surgery in infants

Using Electroencephalography (EEG) to Guide Propofol and Sevoflurane Dosing in Pediatric Anesthesia

EEG-Guided Titration of Sevoflurane and Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium

Using the Spectrogram to Interpret Electroencephalographic (EEG) Waveforms

American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on the Role of Neuromonitoring in Perioperative Outcomes: Electroencephalography

Alternative sensor montage for Index based EEG monitoring. A systematic review

Electroencephalographic indices for clinical endpoints during propofol anesthesia in infants—an early phase propofol biomarker-finding study

Isoelectric Electroencephalography in Infants and Toddlers during Anesthesia for Surgery: An International Observational Study

Changes in the term neonatal electroencephalogram with general anesthesia – a systematic review with narrative synthesis

Yuan I, Garcia-Marcinkiewicz AG, Zhang B, et al. Electroencephalographic Indices for Clinical Endpoints during Propofol Anesthesia in Infants: An Early-phase Propofol Biomarker-finding Study. Anesthesiology 2024;141(2):353-364. (In eng). DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000005043.

Yuan I, Missett RM, Jones-Oguh S, et al. Implementation of an electroencephalogram-guided propofol anesthesia education program in an academic pediatric anesthesia practice. Paediatric anaesthesia 2022 (In eng). DOI: 10.1111/pan.14520.

Yuan I, Xu T, Skowno J, et al. Isoelectric Electroencephalography in Infants and Toddlers during Anesthesia for Surgery: An International Observational Study. Anesthesiology 2022;137(2):187-200. (In eng). DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004262.

Yuan I, Xu T, Kurth CD. Using Electroencephalography (EEG) to Guide Propofol and Sevoflurane Dosing in Pediatric Anesthesia. Anesthesiology clinics 2020;38(3):709-725. (In eng). DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2020.06.007.

Chao JY, Legatt AD, Yozawitz EG, Adams DC, Delphin ES, Shinnar S. Electroencephalographic Findings and Clinical Behavior During Induction of Anesthesia With Sevoflurane in Human Infants: A Prospective Observational Study. Anesthesia and analgesia 2020;130(6):e161-e164. (In eng). DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004380.

Purdon PL, Sampson A, Pavone KJ, Brown EN. Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists: Part I: Background and Basic Signatures. Anesthesiology 2015;123(4):937-60. (In eng). DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000841.

Preoperative Electroencephalography Biomarkers to Identify Children at Risk for Emergence Delirium

Effect of the addition of a low-dose of ketamine to propofol anaesthesia on the phase-amplitude coupling features of an electroencephalogram

Emerging Role of Electroencephalographic Aperiodic Activity in Anesthesia: A Narrative Review

Spectral Differences of Anesthetic Agents: Addressing Fundamental Problems With New Methods

Signal, Not Noise: Aperiodic Dynamics in the Electroencephalogram Under Anesthesia

Beyond the Numbers: Advocating for an Integrative Analysis of Raw and Processed Electroencephalography Metrics

Electroencephalographic Monitoring in the Recovery Room for Identification of Patients at Risk for Postoperative Delirium

Long MHY, Lim EHL, Balanza GA, Allen JC, Jr., Purdon PL, Bong CL. Sevoflurane requirements during electroencephalogram (EEG)-guided vs standard anesthesia Care in Children: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical anesthesia. Oct 2022;81:110913. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110913

Markus M, Panagiotou F, Spies C, Koch S. EEG Dynamics in Children Before, During and After General Anesthesia. Pediatric Anesthesia. 2026;36(6):641–649. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/pan.70156

Haidar L, Abadi F, Sarieddine T, Vitali A, Zouein FA, Massoud G. EEG-Guided Anesthesia for the Prevention of Emergence Delirium in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA pediatrics. 2026;180(4):394–401. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.6005

Yuan I, Missett RM, Jones-Oguh S, et al. Implementation of an electroencephalogram-guided propofol anesthesia education program in an academic pediatric anesthesia practice. Paediatric anaesthesia. Jul 6 2022;doi:10.1111/pan.14520

Neurometabolic depletion with ketamine during sevoflurane anaesthesia

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Stub Notice}}
+[https://pedseeg.com/ PALNET]
+Bong CL, Yuan I. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39475857 The Utility of Electroencephalography in Guiding General Anesthesia in Children.] Anesth Analg. 2026 Jun 1;142(6):1155-1168.
 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26275092/ Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists: Part I: Background and Basic Signatures]
+[https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.23843 Intraoperative pediatric electroencephalography monitoring: an updated review]
+[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/fulltext/2025/12000/clinical_electroencephalography_for.24.aspx Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists and Intensivists: Part 2—Physiologic Signatures and Active Management]
 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40140-021-00461-6 Electroencephalogram Monitoring in Anesthesia Practice]
@@ Line 10: / Line 19: @@
 [https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/fulltext/2023/07000/a_narrative_review_illustrating_the_clinical.12.aspx A Narrative Review Illustrating the Clinical Utility of Electroencephalogram-Guided Anesthesia Care in Children]
+[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36881544/  Age-Dependent Electroencephalogram Features in Infants Under Spinal Anesthesia Appear to Mirror Physiologic Sleep in the Developing Brain: A Prospective Observational Study]
+[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26102526/ Age-dependent electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns during sevoflurane general anesthesia in infants]
+[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32965066/ An approach to using pharmacokinetics and electroencephalography for propofol anesthesia for surgery in infants]
+[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32792193/ Using Electroencephalography (EEG) to Guide Propofol and Sevoflurane Dosing in Pediatric Anesthesia]
+[https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2832986 EEG-Guided Titration of Sevoflurane and Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium]
+[https://pubs.asahq.org/monitor/article/88/5/28/140084/Using-the-Spectrogram-to-Interpret Using the Spectrogram to Interpret Electroencephalographic (EEG) Waveforms]
+[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31764163/ American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on the Role of Neuromonitoring in Perioperative Outcomes: Electroencephalography]
+[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10877-024-01162-1 Alternative sensor montage for Index based EEG monitoring. A systematic review]
+[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000005043/141363/Electroencephalographic-indices-for-clinical Electroencephalographic indices for clinical endpoints during propofol anesthesia in infants—an early phase propofol biomarker-finding study]
+[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/137/2/187/136296/Isoelectric-Electroencephalography-in-Infants-and Isoelectric Electroencephalography in Infants and Toddlers during Anesthesia for Surgery: An International Observational Study]
+[https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/doi/10.1097/ALN.0000000000005088/141497/Changes-in-the-term-neonatal-electroencephalogram Changes in the term neonatal electroencephalogram with general anesthesia – a systematic review with narrative synthesis]
+Yuan I, Garcia-Marcinkiewicz AG, Zhang B, et al. Electroencephalographic Indices for Clinical Endpoints during Propofol Anesthesia in Infants: An Early-phase Propofol Biomarker-finding Study. Anesthesiology 2024;141(2):353-364. (In eng). DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000005043.
+Yuan I, Missett RM, Jones-Oguh S, et al. Implementation of an electroencephalogram-guided propofol anesthesia education program in an academic pediatric anesthesia practice. Paediatric anaesthesia 2022 (In eng). DOI: 10.1111/pan.14520.
+Yuan I, Xu T, Skowno J, et al. Isoelectric Electroencephalography in Infants and Toddlers during Anesthesia for Surgery: An International Observational Study. Anesthesiology 2022;137(2):187-200. (In eng). DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004262.
+Yuan I, Xu T, Kurth CD. Using Electroencephalography (EEG) to Guide Propofol and Sevoflurane Dosing in Pediatric Anesthesia. Anesthesiology clinics 2020;38(3):709-725. (In eng). DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2020.06.007.
+Chao JY, Legatt AD, Yozawitz EG, Adams DC, Delphin ES, Shinnar S. Electroencephalographic Findings and Clinical Behavior During Induction of Anesthesia With Sevoflurane in Human Infants: A Prospective Observational Study. Anesthesia and analgesia 2020;130(6):e161-e164. (In eng). DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000004380.
+Purdon PL, Sampson A, Pavone KJ, Brown EN. Clinical Electroencephalography for Anesthesiologists: Part I: Background and Basic Signatures. Anesthesiology 2015;123(4):937-60. (In eng). DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000841.
+[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/fulltext/9900/preoperative_electroencephalography_biomarkers_to.644.aspx Preoperative Electroencephalography Biomarkers to Identify Children at Risk for Emergence Delirium]
+[https://www.bjaopen.org/article/S2772-6096(25)00110-8/fulltext Effect of the addition of a low-dose of ketamine to propofol anaesthesia on the phase-amplitude coupling features of an electroencephalogram]
+[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/abstract/2026/02000/emerging_role_of_electroencephalographic_aperiodic.31.aspx Emerging Role of Electroencephalographic Aperiodic Activity in Anesthesia: A Narrative Review]
+[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/fulltext/2026/02000/spectral_differences_of_anesthetic_agents_.7.aspx#related Spectral Differences of Anesthetic Agents: Addressing Fundamental Problems With New Methods]
+[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/citation/2026/02000/signal,_not_noise__aperiodic_dynamics_in_the.6.aspx Signal, Not Noise: Aperiodic Dynamics in the Electroencephalogram Under Anesthesia]
+[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/fulltext/2026/05000/beyond_the_numbers__advocating_for_an_integrative.36.aspx Beyond the Numbers: Advocating for an Integrative Analysis of Raw and Processed Electroencephalography Metrics]
+[https://journals.lww.com/anesthesiology/abstract/9900/electroencephalographic_monitoring_in_the_recovery.974.aspx Electroencephalographic Monitoring in the Recovery Room for Identification of Patients at Risk for Postoperative Delirium]
+Long MHY, Lim EHL, Balanza GA, Allen JC, Jr., Purdon PL, Bong CL. Sevoflurane requirements during electroencephalogram (EEG)-guided vs standard anesthesia Care in Children: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical anesthesia. Oct 2022;81:110913. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110913
+Markus M, Panagiotou F, Spies C, Koch S. EEG Dynamics in Children Before, During and After General Anesthesia. Pediatric Anesthesia. 2026;36(6):641–649. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/pan.70156
+Haidar L, Abadi F, Sarieddine T, Vitali A, Zouein FA, Massoud G. EEG-Guided Anesthesia for the Prevention of Emergence Delirium in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA pediatrics. 2026;180(4):394–401. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2025.6005
+Yuan I, Missett RM, Jones-Oguh S, et al. Implementation of an electroencephalogram-guided propofol anesthesia education program in an academic pediatric anesthesia practice. Paediatric anaesthesia. Jul 6 2022;doi:10.1111/pan.14520
+[https://www.bjanaesthesia.org/article/S0007-0912(26)00296-5/fulltext Neurometabolic depletion with ketamine during sevoflurane anaesthesia]